Description:
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The main objectives of this research were to investigate forced labour and services, resulting both from trafficking and non-trafficking related migration, in the context of irregular migration from Romania. The study, based on questionnaires completed with returned migrants in Romania, focus-group interviews with selected migrants, and interviews with experts, focussed on the profiles of trafficked and non-trafficked victims of forced labour as opposed to 'successful' migrants. The distinction between trafficked and nontrafficked victims of forced labour was adopted for the purpose of the study to differentiate between those deceived from the out start of the migration project by a recruiter from those that were deceived and coerced at a later stage in order to investigate the existence of degrees of victimhood and routes into forced labour.
Recruitment methods of both victims of trafficking and other migrants were investigated as well as ways in which the forced labour employment situation in the country of destination was exited. In addition, the study aimed to establish objective criteria of forced labour as an outcome of human trafficking as well as irregular migration. Though criteria for forced labour exist, it is as yet unclear whether they should be used in combination or individually, and which criteria are more or less pertinent. |
